ZK and FHE enjoyer here. But going to be honest, first time hearing about IO, it does sound at least equally useful..
cryptography 101: everyone talks about zk but there’s 2 other things to know:
zk (zero-knowledge) = you can prove something about data without revealing the data itself. eg: “i know the password” without showing the password.
fhe (fully homomorphic encryption) = you can compute directly on encrypted data without decrypting it. so someone can process your private inputs and give you encrypted outputs that you can then decrypt yourself.
io (indistinguishability obfuscation) = much more theoretical (but the ef has given research grants for this), it hides a program’s logic entirely and makes two programs that compute the same function indistinguishable. the “holy grail” of cryptography because it will let you publish code that runs but can’t be reverse-engineered.
tldr:
> zk = prove without revealing
> fhe = compute without revealing
> io = hide the program itself
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